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While we strongly discourage crossing the paths of water and electricity, electrolytes are exceptions to the rule—and thank goodness that they are! Electrolytes produce electrical charges in bodily fluids to carry out critical and life-sustaining processes—like keeping your heart beating, muscles contracting, and nerves functioning.
Electrolytes are absolutely essential for life as we know it. Because the GGR team wants you to keep your hydration and health spark alive, we’ve rounded up the best electrolyte powder options (and the best sugar-free electrolyte powder) on the market while guiding how you might use them. (We also have a list of the best electrolyte drinks, too, if this topic strikes your fancy—they’re basically one in the same.)
We’ve compiled a team of registered dietitians, competitive triathletes, weightlifting coaches, and other fitness and nutrition experts to research dozens of electrolyte powders, tasting more than 20 of them, and landing on 11 top picks for electrolyte powders to fuel all types of workouts.
Our GGR supplement testing methodology takes these four factors into consideration:
- Formulation: Does it have the proper type of electrolytes?
- Dosages: Does it have enough electrolytes per serving?
- Taste: If flavored, can we see ourselves drinking this on a regular basis?
- Value: Are you getting enough bang for your buck?
Medical disclaimer: This article is intended for educational and informational purposes only. It is not intended as a substitute for medical advice. For health advice, contact a licensed healthcare provider.
Best Electrolyte Powder
- Best Electrolyte Powder Overall: Transparent Labs Hydrate V3
- Best On-the-Go Electrolyte Powder: Liquid IV
- Best No-Sugar Electrolyte Powder: LMNT
- Best Electrolyte Powder for Runners: BUBS Naturals Hydrate or Die Packs
- Best Low-Sodium Electrolyte Powder: Power Life Peak Replenish
- Best Electrolyte Powder for Everyday Hydration: Protekt Hydration
- Best-Tasting Electrolyte Powder: Sports Research Hydration
- Best Electrolyte Powder for Athletes: Kaged Hydra-Charge
- Best Budget Electrolyte Powder: Propel Electrolyte Water Beverage Mix
- Best Vegan Electrolyte Powder: Vega Sport Hydrator Electrolyte Powder
What Are Electrolytes?
At their core, electrolytes1 are essential minerals for basic life functioning and act like electrical producers in the body. Electrolytes play vital roles in fluid balance, muscle contraction, nerve stimulation, blood pressure regulation, and acid-base balance, among other functions.
Sodium, potassium, and chloride are the significant electrolytes, along with magnesium, calcium, phosphate (also referred to as phosphorus), and bicarbonate. While electrolytes work together in many ways, each has its own unique functions in the body:
- Sodium maintains fluid balance, aids muscle contraction, transmits nerve impulses, and impacts blood pressure.
- Potassium maintains proper heart function, regulates nerve signaling, and controls fluid balance.
- Chloride regulates fluid balance, maintains proper blood pressure, and aids digestion.
- Magnesium helps carry out over 300 reactions in the body, including processes related to muscle and nerve function, energy production, nerve health, and blood sugar control.
- Calcium plays key roles in bone health, muscle contraction, nerve function, and blood clotting.
- Phosphate regulates nerve and muscle function, strengthens teeth and bones, grows and repairs tissues, and makes up our genes.
- Bicarbonate maintains the body’s acid-base (pH) balance.
*Bicarbonate, chloride, and phosphorus are mainly added as pairs with other electrolytes—like Sodium Chloride (table salt), Potassium Chloride, and Sodium Bicarbonate.
Balancing Electrolyte Imbalances
Because electrolytes are present in every bodily fluid, imbalances are caused mainly by factors that disrupt fluid balance, such as dehydration, excessive sweating, and certain illnesses. Electrolyte imbalances can lead to unpleasant symptoms—like low energy, muscle cramps, headaches, and nausea—and even be life-threatening.
All this to say, electrolytes operate best when they are balanced, so it’s crucial to consume adequate amounts and replenish them when lost. You may also already be getting enough electrolytes through the foods you eat. Still, there are certain instances when a pre-portioned electrolyte powder can come in handy, including if you are:
- Exercising longer than 1 hour
- Working out in the heat
- Acclimating to high altitudes2
- Experiencing significant fluid losses such as via diarrhea and vomiting
Now that we better understand electrolytes and how supplementing with them can be greatly helpful, let’s hop into our top electrolyte powders!
Best Electrolyte Powder Overall: Transparent Labs Hydrate V3
Good for: Elevating your hydration with a high-quality electrolyte powder
Best Electrolyte Powder Overall
Transparent Labs Hydrate V3
Product Highlights
- Includes taurine to help performance
- Naturally sweetened
- No artificial colors or flavors
- Contains SenactivTM for recovery
Pros & Cons
Pros
- Low cost per serving
- Easily absorbed electrolytes
- Aides in muscle recovery
- Subscribe & Save available
Cons
- Contains the allergen tree nuts
Bottom Line
At an extremely low per serving cost, Transparent Labs Hydrate V3 is a great option for anyone looking to try out electrolytes or anyone looking for clean ingredients without the hefty price tag.
Best On-The-Go Electrolyte Powder: Liquid I.V.
Good for: Satisfying thirst and keeping hydrated on the go
Best On-The-Go Electrolyte Powder
Liquid I.V. Hydration Multiplier
Product Highlights
- Cellular Transport Technology for rapid absorption
- Three times the electrolytes of a sports drink
- Contains 5 essential vitamins
- Non-GMO and free of artificial ingredients
Pros & Cons
Pros
- Hydrates faster than water
- Travel-friendly
- Contains essential vitamins
- Charity donations made with every purchase
Cons
- Can be too sweet for some
- Stevia can cause GI distress for some people
Bottom Line
Liquid I.V. Hydration Multiplier is a great product to help boost your hydration quickly, especially for people who prefer a less-salty electrolyte drink.
Best No-Sugar Electrolyte Powder: LMNT
Good for: Increasing electrolyte intake without added sugars
Best No-Sugar Electrolyte Powder
LMNT Electrolyte Drink Mix
Product Highlights
- Science-backed electrolyte ratio
- Free from sugar and artificial coloring
- Suitable for Keto and Paleo diets
- Gluten-free and vegan
Pros & Cons
Pros
- Great flavors
- Suitable for almost everyone
- Clean ingredients
- No-questions-asked refund policy
Cons
- Includes stevia, which is known to cause GI distress in some people
- Strong salty flavor can be off-putting
Bottom Line
With sodium, potassium, and magnesium LMNT Electrolyte Drink Mix is a great post-workout hydrator. It can also be great for those who are low-carb and looking to increase electrolyte intake.
Best Electrolyte Powder for Runners: BUBS Naturals Hydrate or Die
Good for: Endurance athletes searching for a high-dose, naturally sourced electrolyte powder
Best Electrolyte Powder for Runners
BUBS Naturals Hydrate or Die
Product Highlights
- Hydration supplement with 2,000 mg electrolytes and 10 g of carbs
- Would be effective for endurance athletes
- Available in 3 flavors
- $1.86 per serving
Pros & Cons
Pros
- Electrolyte and carb mix good for athletes
- Available in 3 flavors
- No artificial sweeteners
- Third-party tested
Cons
- Expensive
- Tastes salty, which may be off-putting to some
Bottom Line
BUBS Naturals Hydrate or Die hydration supplement is an electrolyte powder that contains 2,000 milligrams of electrolytes plus 10 grams of carbs to keep you fueled during high-intensity activity. There's no artificial sweeteners in the formula, plus it's available in three flavors. Beware, though—it's salty.
Best Low-Sodium Electrolyte Powder: Power Life Peak Replenish
Good for: Anyone looking for a non-salty electrolyte powder
Best Low-Sodium Electrolyte Powder
Power Life Peak Replenish
Product Highlights
- Electrolyte drink with other key ingredients
- Hydrates and increases physical performance
- Contains betaine
- Citrus Burst flavor
Pros & Cons
Pros
- 90-day money-back guarantee
- Essential electrolytes and betaine
- Subscribe-and-save options available
Cons
- Expensive
- Only one flavor available
Bottom Line
Power Life Peak Replenish is a research-backed electrolyte drink with other ingredients to help improve physical performance during exercise. Available in Citrus Burst, the drink contains essential electrolytes, as well as betaine and GivoMag, which support boosted energy, strength, power, and endurance.
Best Electrolyte Powder for Everyday Hydration: Protekt Hydration
Good for: Supporting good hydration around the clock
Best Electrolyte Powder for Everyday Hydration
Protekt Hydration
Product Highlights
- Electrolyte liquid supplement plackets
- Proprietary 10:2:1 electrolyte ratio of sodium, potassium & magnesium
- Claims to have faster and more efficient nutrient absorption than powders
- Available in Raspberry, Lemonade, and Watermelon flavors
- Packs of 30, 90, or 180 packets
Pros & Cons
Pros
- Faster and more efficient nutrient absorption
- Subscribe and save 15%
- No added sugars, artificial ingredients or sweeteners
- Zero calories
- 60-day money-back guarantee for first time purchases
Cons
- Pricy cost per packet
- Limited flavors
Bottom Line
Protekt Hydration is a liquid electrolyte supplement available in three flavors. The liquid form is supposed to help your body more readily absorb the nutrients and electrolytes. Along with this, Protekt has a proprietary ratio of essential electrolytes: sodium, potassium, and magnesium.
Best-Tasting Electrolyte Powder: Sports Research Hydration
Good for: Anyone looking for a tasty electrolyte supplement
Best-Tasting Electrolyte Powder
Sports Research Electrolytes
Product Highlights
- Has electrolytes and coconut water powder
- $1.43 per serving
- Sugar-free
- Four flavors: Raspberry Lemonade, Passion Fruit, Lemon Lime, Cherry Pomegranate
Pros & Cons
Pros
- Contains sodium, potassium, and coconut water powder
- No artificial ingredients
- Tastes great
- Sugar-free
- Third-party tested
Cons
- Only available in packets
Bottom Line
Sports Research Electrolytes contain all the electrolytes you need to stay hydrated, and contains minerals and other ingredients that can boost your workout. Our tester loved every flavor's taste so much it's his go-to morning electrolyte drink.
Best Electrolyte Powder for Athletes: Kaged Hydra-Charge
Good for: Competitive athletes (and anyone else) who prioritize hydration and products that are banned substance-free
Best Electrolyte Powder for Athletes
Kaged Hydra-Charge
Product Highlights
- Hydration supplement with all five electrolytes in subtle doses
- Also contains taurine and an antioxidant blend
- Available in 6 flavors
- Third-party tested
- $0.50 per serving
Pros & Cons
Pros
- Suitable for everyday hydration
- Low sugar
- Supplies all 5 electrolytes
- Available in 6 flavors
- Third-party tested
Cons
- Contains sucralose, which may be a dealbreaker for some
- Some reviewers not a huge fan of taste
- Others also complain it's very sweet
Bottom Line
Kaged Hydra-Charge is an everyday hydration supplement that contains subtle doses of all five electrolytes, plus taurine and an antioxidant blend. It's available in six flavors. Although it has overwhelmingly positive reviews, some people thought it was much too sweet, probably due to the sucralose in the formulation.
Best Budget Electrolyte Powder: Propel Electrolyte Water Beverage
Good for: Budgeting money without compromising value
Best Budget Electrolyte Powder
Propel Electrolyte Water Beverage Mix
Product Highlights
- Boxes of individual powder packs available in 7 flavors
- Flavors: Berry, grape, kiwi strawberry, raspberry lemonade, black cherry, watermelon
- Provides electrolytes, vitamin B5, B6, B3, C, and E
- Formulated to replenish electrolytes lost in sweat
- Made with 0 sugar
Pros & Cons
Pros
- Convenient individual packs
- Variety of flavors
- Sugar-free
- Most users appreciate the taste
Cons
- Contains sucralose
- May cause digestive issues
Bottom Line
Propel Electrolyte Water Beverage Mix of individual powder packs are available in seven flavors described by users as refreshing, sweet, and tasty. Formulated with essential electrolytes and vitamins B5, B6, B3, C, and E, these mixes are formulated to help replenish electrolytes lost through sweat. While they do not contain sugar, they do have sucralose and artificial sweeteners which may cause stomach issues for some users.
Best Vegan Electrolyte Powder: Vega Sport Hydrator Electrolyte Powder
Good for: Vegans and vegetarians prioritize plant-based nutrition and hydration
Best Vegan Electrolyte Powder
Vega Sport Hydrator Electrolyte Powder
Product Highlights
- Plant-based, keto-friendly electrolyte powder
- Each serving contains 240–250 mg sodium, 120–130 mg potassium, 20 mg magnesium, 50 mg calcium
- Delivers 100% DV of vitamin C
- Claimed to target athletes with a sports-focused ratio of electrolytes
- No added sugar, non-GMO, vegan, gluten-free
Pros & Cons
Pros
- Convenience packs
- Plant-based
- Reported to mix-well
Cons
- Taste is not for everyone
- Not everyone likes the stevia
Bottom Line
Vega Sport Hydrator Electrolyte Powder is a plant-based and keto-friendly powder, which delivers a sports-focused ratio of electrolytes with 240–250 mg sodium, 120–130 mg potassium, 20 mg magnesium, and 50 mg calcium per serving. In addition, this powder contains 100% of your daily value of vitamin C that is intended to support the immune system. This powder is free from added sugar, non-GMO, vegan, and gluten-free, though it's important to note that it does contain stevia which may not be to everyone's liking.
Other Electrolyte Powders We Researched
Although electrolyte powders are a dime a dozen, that doesn’t mean those not on our list aren’t worth trying. Other products we researched include:
- BPN’s G.1.M Sport and Electrolytes: We haven’t tried this one yet but it looks like an interesting product.
- Nuun Sport: We like Nuun products, but these are in tablet form so we didn’t include them here. Read more about our experience in our Nuun Sport electrolyte tablet review.
- Pure Encapsulations Electrolyte/Energy Formula: We like this product, but not more than others on our list.
- Skratch Labs Hydration Sport Drink Mix: We haven’t tried this one yet but it looks like an interesting product.
- Ultima Replenisher: We like this product, but not more than others on our list.
How We Picked and Tested the Best Electrolyte Powders
Now you might be wondering how we narrowed our search into one tidy yet electrifying list. When picking and testing the best electrolyte powders, our expert team of dietitians and nutritionists considered and reviewed the following:
- Electrolyte formulation: Electrolyte powders should ideally contain electrolytes. But because sodium is the most important for fluid balance, our tested products prioritize sodium while including at least one more of the other essential electrolytes—like potassium, calcium, and magnesium—in various doses for general hydration and sports performance.
- Additional ingredients: Some electrolyte powders contain other ingredients—like carbs and taurine—to enhance their absorption and effectiveness. We also try to avoid products containing unwanted ingredients like artificial colors and fillers.
- Flavor variety: Flavor can enhance water intake, which is especially important if regular water just isn’t cutting it. Our list offers a variety of flavors so our readers can find an option they’ll enjoy sipping on or guzzling down.
- Cost: Our top picks range in price, so (we hope) there’s an option to fit all (or almost all) budgets.
- Brand reputation: We want to guide our readers to companies that will have their best interest in mind, so we analyze the brands we highlight by reviewing their values, refund policies, customer service access, and any customer reviews.
- Third-party testing: If the electrolyte powder is considered a supplement (see the details below), we always check and like to see if it’s been third-party tested. Additional certifications, like being Certified USDA Organic and Certified Gluten-Free, are added bonuses.
Methodology
In addition to this expert analysis, we also rely on our GGR Supplement Testing Methodology to inform all of our supplements reviews, including this list of the best electrolyte powders. Our values, process, and criteria remain unwavering to provide the best product reviews on the internet.
Benefits of Electrolyte Powders
While we’ve touched on the functions of electrolytes, let’s review them and welcome other potential benefits of electrolyte supplements:
- Promotes hydration: While water is always the recommended hydration source, electrolytes are vital for maintaining fluid balance. Replenishing electrolytes—whether with food sources or electrolyte powders—is particularly important if you’re dehydrated from excessive sweating and illness.
- Enhances athletic performance: Dehydration is well-known to have detrimental effects on athletic performance, and a 2021 study13 warns muscle strength and power can also be negatively impacted. Supplementing with an electrolyte powder may optimize performance because electrolytes help optimize hydration, which is the goal while training.
- Aids recovery: Assisting in blood clotting, bone health, and tissue repair, electrolytes aid the recovery process, whether after an intense workout, injury, or surgery.
- Supports overall health and wellness: As essential minerals, electrolytes are responsible for countless roles and promote much more than proper hydration. For instance, calcium builds strong bones, magnesium promotes a good night’s rest, and potassium manages blood pressure.
- Offers convenience: Just dissolve and mix the electrolyte powder into your handy water bottle and enjoy! Individual packets make electrolytes incredibly convenient for anyone on the run, including endurance athletes needing accessible and quick hydration while training.
Dosing and Interactions
Electrolytes tend to be tolerated well, but you can definitely have too much of a good thing. They can also interact with certain medications and harm those with specific health conditions.
Electrolyte Dosing
Like just about all things health and nutrition, the answer’s not so straightforward on how much electrolyte powder you should take. And a 2018 study14 reminds us that everyone has unique dietary needs and no universal hydration strategy exists because each individual sweats differently with varying losses.
The amount of electrolytes you need also varies on many factors—like age, activity level, and dietary patterns—but a good starting point is turning to the Dietary Reference Intakes15 (DRIs):
- Sodium: 2,300 mg/day
- Potassium: 4,700 mg/day
- Chloride: 3,600 mg/day
- Magnesium: 3,500 mg/day
- Calcium: 1,000 mg/day
And because sodium is the predominant electrolyte lost in sweat, researchers primarily focus on this mineral and formulate evidence-based guidelines we can turn to. According to a 2022 review16, a sports drink containing 230 to 690 mg/L of sodium results in optimal absorption and prevention of hyponatremia.
Also, recall that the ACSM3 encourages consuming 500 to 700 milligrams of sodium if exercise lasts longer than one hour. Less than 500 milligrams of sodium may suit shorter, lower-intensity workouts and daily hydration.
Electrolyte Interactions
While electrolyte balance is essential to health and life as we know it, electrolytes can interfere with the efficacy of medications and exacerbate certain conditions. Not only can these risks be dangerous, but even life-threatening.
Diuretics and blood pressure prescriptions are often the most problematic for electrolyte use. Because these medications help balance fluid and blood pressure, taking them with electrolytes can majorly interfere with fluid and electrolyte balance even more.
Certain health conditions—like heart failure and kidney disease—are often managed by following specific dietary guidelines, which might entail specific electrolyte requirements. Moreover, medications that interact with electrolytes are often prescribed for these conditions.
Especially if you’re taking any medications or managing a health condition, we always encourage consulting with a registered dietitian or another healthcare professional before taking a new supplement. They can help you determine how many electrolytes you need while addressing potential interactions and adverse side effects.
Third-Party Testing
Because dietary supplements aren’t tightly regulated by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), we always prioritize companies who voluntarily have their products third-party tested—such as through National Sanitation Foundation (NSF) and US Pharmacopeia (USP)—to verify purity and safety.
However, it’s important to note that not all electrolyte powders are considered supplements. You can tell if the product is regarded as a supplement by checking the label: a supplement will have a Supplemental Facts label, whereas a food/beverage will contain a Nutrition Facts label.
Whether a supplement or not, it’s wise to check if the product’s been produced in a GMP facility—meaning it meets specific safety and sanitation manufacturing standards. Also, look for other certifications, like being Certified Gluten-Free or USDA Organic, especially if you have any dietary restrictions or preferences.
Buying Guide: What to Look for in Electrolyte Powders
Before punching in your credit card numbers, ensure you’ve chosen the right electrolyte powder with these expert-guided tips.
Electrolyte Formula
Do you need a higher-dose electrolyte powder to support your exercise or a lower amount for daily hydration? Are you solely wanting an electrolyte-only formula, or are you open to electrolyte supplements with other ingredients—like collagen and vitamins—for additional benefits?
Consider what you want from your electrolyte powder and base your selection on your unique needs and goals.
Serving and Flavor Options
Electrolyte powders come in various flavors and serving options—like single-serve packets, variety packs, and tubs to scoop. Some products can also be purchased in larger serving counts, allowing you to keep stocked—and likely save a buck or a few!
Because you’ll be drinking it, go for a flavor you’ll enjoy or try out a variety pack. Choose serving options and sizes that best fit your needs and lifestyle, whether single-servings to throw in your gym bag or a larger container you’d prefer to stash at home.
Your Budget
Consider how much you’re willing to spend on electrolyte powders and other supplements. You can also purchase in bulk and “subscribe and save” with most electrolyte options, considering that you’ve already tried and are committed to the product for at least a month or so.
Brand Reputation
Because you’ll support the brand when purchasing its product, we encourage you to evaluate its standards and reputation. Key areas to look over include its return policies, customer service access, and customer reviews (on the company’s main webpage and third-party seller sites like Amazon). In our humble opinion, this extra step is always worth it!
FAQs About Electrolyte Powders
What is the best brand of electrolyte powder?
While there are many great electrolyte brands on the market, here are some of our favorite options:
Best Electrolyte Powder Overall: Transparent Labs Hydrate V3
Best On-the-Go Electrolyte Powder: Liquid IV
Best No-Sugar Electrolyte Powder: LMNT
Best Electrolyte Powder for Runners: BUBS Naturals Hydrate or Die Packs
Best Low-Sodium Electrolyte Powder: Power Life Peak Replenish
Best Electrolyte Powder for Everyday Hydration: Protekt Hydration
Best-Tasting Electrolyte Powder: Sports Research Hydration
Best Electrolyte Powder for Athletes: Kaged Hydra-Charge
Best Budget Electrolyte Powder: Propel Electrolyte Water Beverage Mix
Best Vegan Electrolyte Powder: Vega Sport Hydrator Electrolyte Powder
What is the best form of electrolytes to take?
The best electrolyte type isn’t a supplement—but whole foods. Fruits, vegetables, and other whole foods contain large quantities of sodium, potassium, magnesium, and chloride. These nutrients are also much more bioavailable than what’s in powders, meaning your body can absorb and use them better.
Which electrolyte powder is the healthiest?
The healthiest electrolyte powder is one that has minimal to no added sugars or calories, and contains research-backed doses of sodium, potassium, chloride, magnesium, and other electrolytes. Here are our top picks that meet that criteria:
Best Electrolyte Powder Overall: Transparent Labs Hydrate V3
Best On-the-Go Electrolyte Powder: Liquid IV
Best No-Sugar Electrolyte Powder: LMNT
Best Electrolyte Powder for Runners: BUBS Naturals Hydrate or Die Packs
Best Low-Sodium Electrolyte Powder: Power Life Peak Replenish
Best Electrolyte Powder for Everyday Hydration: Protekt Hydration
Best-Tasting Electrolyte Powder: Sports Research Hydration
Best Electrolyte Powder for Athletes: Kaged Hydra-Charge
Best Budget Electrolyte Powder: Propel Electrolyte Water Beverage Mix
Best Vegan Electrolyte Powder: Vega Sport Hydrator Electrolyte Powder
Is it OK to drink electrolyte powder everyday?
Drinking electrolyte powder daily can be safe, especially if you regularly experience fluid loss. However, it’s always wise to consult with a healthcare professional to determine a safe level of electrolytes for your needs.
These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any diseases.
References
- Shrimanker I, Bhattarai S. Electrolytes. [Updated 2022 Jul 25]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2023 Jan-. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK541123/
- Khan DA, Aslam M, Khan ZU. Changes in plasma electrolytes during acclimatization at high altitude. J Pak Med Assoc. 1996 Jun;46(6):128-31. PMID: 8991369.
- American College of Sports Medicine; Sawka MN, Burke LM, Eichner ER, et al. American College of Sports Medicine position stand. Exercise and fluid replacement. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2007 Feb;39(2):377-90. doi: 10.1249/mss.0b013e31802ca597. PMID: 17277604.
- Bhattacharya SK. History of development of oral rehydration therapy. Indian J Public Health. 1994 Apr-Jun;38(2):39-43. PMID: 7530695.
- Veniamakis E, Kaplanis G, Voulgaris P, Nikolaidis PT. Effects of Sodium Intake on Health and Performance in Endurance and Ultra-Endurance Sports. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022;19(6):3651. Published 2022 Mar 19. doi:10.3390/ijerph19063651
- von Duvillard SP, Braun WA, Markofski M, et al. Fluids and hydration in prolonged endurance performance. Nutrition. 2004;20(7-8):651-656. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nut.2004.04.011
- Bostock ECS, Kirkby KC, Taylor BV, et al. Consumer Reports of “Keto Flu” Associated With the Ketogenic Diet. Front Nutr. 2020;7:20. Published 2020 Mar 13. doi:10.3389/fnut.2020.00020
- Henselmans M, Bjørnsen T, Hedderman R, et al. The Effect of Carbohydrate Intake on Strength and Resistance Training Performance: A Systematic Review. Nutrients. 2022;14(4):856. Published 2022 Feb 18. doi:10.3390/nu14040856
- Gibson GR, Scott KP, Rastall RA, et al. Dietary prebiotics: current status and new definition. Food Sci Technol Bull. 2010;7(1):1-19. doi:https://doi.org/10.1616/1476-2137.15880
- Ripani U, Manzarbeitia-Arroba P, Guijarro-Leo S, et al. Vitamin C May Help to Reduce the Knee’s Arthritic Symptoms. Outcomes Assessment of Nutriceutical Therapy. Med Arch. 2019;73(3):173-177. doi:10.5455/medarh.2019.73.173-177
- León-López A, Morales-Peñaloza A, Martínez-Juárez VM, et al. Hydrolyzed Collagen-Sources and Applications. Molecules. 2019;24(22):4031. Published 2019 Nov 7. doi:10.3390/molecules24224031
- Fratoni V, Brandi M. B Vitamins, Homocysteine and Bone Health. Nutrients. 2015;7(4):2176-2192. doi:https://doi.org/10.3390/nu7042176
- Judge LW, Bellar DM, Popp JK, et al. Hydration to Maximize Performance and Recovery: Knowledge, Attitudes, and Behaviors Among Collegiate Track and Field Throwers. J Hum Kinet. 2021;79:111-122. Published 2021 Jul 28. doi:10.2478/hukin-2021-0065
- Ayotte D Jr, Corcoran MP. Individualized hydration plans improve performance outcomes for collegiate athletes engaging in in-season training. J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2018 Jun 4;15(1):27. doi: 10.1186/s12970-018-0230-2. PMID: 29866199; PMCID: PMC5987390.
- Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Water, Potassium, Sodium, Chloride, and Sulfate. National Academies Press; 2005. doi:https://doi.org/10.17226/10925
- Veniamakis E, Kaplanis G, Voulgaris P, et al. Effects of Sodium Intake on Health and Performance in Endurance and Ultra-Endurance Sports. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022;19(6):3651. Published 2022 Mar 19. doi:10.3390/ijerph19063651
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