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Electrolyte drinks seem to be all the rage nowadays. While we typically consume enough electrolytes1—sodium, potassium, chloride, magnesium, calcium, phosphate, and bicarbonates—through our food each day, there are instances where you’d benefit from supplementation. Particularly if you sweat a lot, or if it’s hot and humid, then an electrolyte drink—including the best electrolyte powder—could be beneficial.
Electrolytes play vital roles in fluid balance, muscle contraction, nerve stimulation, blood pressure regulation, and so much more, so an electrolyte imbalance can be life-threatening. Let’s dive into our curated list of the best electrolyte drinks, all expert-tested and approved.
Stay hydrated, our friends.
Our squad of registered dietitians and sports nutritionists, certified personal trainers, and competitive athletes have consumed dozens of electrolytes during marathon prep, intense training sessions, and on hot summer walks to find the top picks that keep your body (and workouts) electric!
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We looked for electrolyte drink supplements with the following before choosing our top picks and we’re thrilled to recommend them:
- Research-backed ingredients and dosages: Does it contain sodium, potassium, magnesium, and chloride at the right levels? To receive a high grade, it should have little to no added sugar.
- Taste and solubility: Does it taste good and mix well?
- Third-party certifications: Has it been checked for harmful and banned substances?
- Price per serving: How much does it cost?
For more on our process check out our full GGR supplement testing methodology)
Medical disclaimer: This article is intended for educational and informational purposes only. It is not intended as a substitute for medical advice. For health advice, contact a licensed healthcare provider.
12 Best Electrolyte Drinks for 2025
- Best Electrolyte Drink Overall: Transparent Labs Hydrate v3
- Best Budget Electrolyte Drink: Nutricost Electrolytes Complex Powder
- Best Electrolyte Drink for Athletes: Sports Research Electrolytes
- Best Electrolyte Drink for Hangovers: Liquid I.V. Hydration Multiplier Single Serving Packets
- Best Caffeinated Electrolyte Drink: Gainful Hydration
- Best-Tasting Electrolyte Drink: Momentous Fuel
- Best Unflavored Electrolyte Drink: Promix Hydration
- Best Low-Sugar Electrolyte Drink: LMNT Recharge Variety Pack
- Best Electrolyte Drink for Runners: Pedialyte Sport
- Best Electrolyte Drink Tablets: Nuun Sport
- Best Everyday Electrolyte Drink: Power Life Peak Replenish
- Best Electrolyte Drink for Travel: Protekt Hydration
Best Electrolyte Drink Video Review
Best Electrolyte Drink Overall: Transparent Labs Hydrate v3
Good for: All-around hydration with an innovative flair
With a low per-serving cost and a well-balanced formula of electrolytes, Transparent Labs Hydrate V3 is a clean electrolyte drink at an affordable price. Containing taurine and Senactiv to help with muscle recovery, this drink mix can do more than just hydrate.
What our tester says:
“The Tropical Punch flavor gets a 5-out-of-5-star rating from me—it’s like concentrated Hawaiian Punch.”
Transparent Labs Hydrate v3 is an electrolyte drink powder designed to rapidly replenish electrolytes and hydrate the body before, during, and after exercise. Combining electrolytes, taurine, and an adaptogen mix, the powder claims to support recovery and athletic performance while reducing muscle cramps.
Our expert product tester, GGR performance editor and certified nutrition coach Anthony O’Reilly, said this reminded him of a concentrated Hawaiian Punch and gave it a 5 out of 5 for taste, and that he noticed increased hydration when he took this both pre- and post-workout. “As a pre-workout it’s a great way to increase muscle endurance,” he says.
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The electrolyte powder provides 500 milligrams (mg) of sodium2, which is the most important electrolyte for fluid balance while being the predominant electrolyte lost most in sweat. Thus, the American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM)3 encourages consuming 500 to 700 mg of sodium if exercise lasts longer than one hour to reduce physical fatigue, muscle cramps, and the risk of hyponatremia (a loss of sodium), which can actually be life-threatening.
The mix includes coconut water powder, which is a natural source of potassium. While not lost in sweat as much as sodium, the electrolytes potassium, magnesium, and calcium in the powder further help promote hydration and electrolyte balance.
Taurine4 is an amino acid especially abundant in skeletal muscle. A study published in Amino Acids5 suggests taurine may alleviate exercise-induced oxidative stress and enhance exercise performance.
The electrolyte mix also provides an “innovative Senactiv® adaptogenic extract” to “take your performance to the next level.” With a little digging, I found Senactiv™ is a trademark of NuLiv Science. The official NuLiv Science website suggests Senactiv® is a “patented, plant-based sport nutraceutical scientifically validated in human and in-vivo studies to promote more muscle energy and preservation via senescent cell clearance.” You can also view scientific papers by completing a form, which I did, but did not receive the information sent to my email as it stated.
The Tropical Punch powder contains no artificial sweeteners, coloring, or preservatives. Instead, it’s flavored, sweetened, and colored with more natural ingredients like stevia extract, beetroot powder, and beta-carotene (a carotenoid pigment that gives some fruits and vegetables their bright color).
Check out our Transparent Labs Hydrate review for more information.
| Dose instructions | Mix 1 scoop with 8-12 oz of water 1-3 times per day |
| Form and flavor(s) | Powder (Tropical Punch) |
| Calories | N/A |
| Carbs per serving | N/A |
| Sodium per serving | 500 mg sodium |
| Sugar per serving | N/A |
| Other key ingredients | 250 mg potassium, 84 mg calcium, 50 mg magnesium |
| Cost | $28.99/40 servings = $0.72/serving (or $26.09 with subscribe and save offer) |
Best Budget Electrolyte Drink: Nutricost Electrolyte Complex
Good for: Those looking for a concentrated electrolyte formula without breaking the bank
Budget-friendly, easy to mix, and available in several flavors.
What our tester says:
“I didn’t really get a Fruit Punch vibe from it, but I didn’t hate it. It kind of just tasted fruity. I think I might try adding less water next time to see if it improves the taste.”
Each serving of Nutricost Electrolyte Complex Powder comes out to less than a quarter, making it the most affordable electrolyte drink we’ve ever tried. Each tub also comes with 120 servings, so this can easily last your four months if you stick to a scoop per day. It earns a 5 out of 5 on cost.
The formulation, however, leaves a little to be desired. The biggest offender is the sodium content: only 90 milligrams. If you’re someone who sweats a lot, either due to training or the weather, you want around 500 milligrams of sodium per serving. On the bright side, the other electrolytes are present in research-backed quantities but the low amount of sodium drops its formulation score to a 2.5 out of 5.
Nutricost also uses stevia as its main sweetener, which might not agree with everyone. Certified personal trainer and GGR Performance Editor Anthony O’Reilly didn’t mind the stevia, though he was left underwhelmed by the Fruit Punch flavor, which he scored a 3 out of 5.
“This was fine,” he says. “I didn’t really get a Fruit Punch vibe from it, but I didn’t hate it. It kind of just tasted fruity. I think I might try adding less water next time to see if it improves the taste.” Anthony scored it a 5 out of 5 on solubility, saying it easily mixed into his shaker cup.
| Dose instructions | Add 1 scoop to 16 oz. of water and stir/shake until dissolved |
| Form and flavor(s) | Powder. Blue Raspberry, Fruit Punch, Green Apple, Orange Mango, Orchard Blast |
| Calories | 0 |
| Carbs per serving | 0 |
| Sodium per serving | 90 mg |
| Sugar per serving | 0 |
| Other key ingredients | Beet root powder (for color), stevia |
| Cost | $27.95 |
Best Electrolyte Drink for Athletes: Sports Research Electrolytes
Good for: Serious athletes looking for an electrolyte that will keep them in the game
Sports Research Hydrate Electrolyte supplement is an affordable, single-serve hydration powder suitable as an everyday addition to your water. It offers a well-balanced formula and no added sugar, multiple flavors to choose from, and third-party testing.
What our tester says:
“These actually taste like what’s advertised on the packets, and there’s no salty aftertaste like with some electrolyte supps.”
Sports Research Electrolytes gets our nod for athletes who are looking to stay hydrated on Game Day due to one important ingredient: coconut water powder. Coconut water has been a go-to drink for many athletes, including high-profile NHL players, because it’s naturally abundant in electrolytes. Studies have shown that it’s just as effective as commercial sports drinks.
There’s also biotin, a B vitamin that helps the body convert calories into energy during exercise. Studies have shown that inadequate consumption of this nutrient could result in fatigue. It’s also Informed Sport-certified, so athletes know there are no harmful or banned substances.
Beyond that, each single-serving packet comes with a nearly perfect electrolyte blend that we rate a 4.5 out of 5. It has all four electrolytes (sodium, potassium, magnesium, and chloride) and has no added sugar or artificial ingredients. The 400 milligrams of sodium is great for replenishing anything lost to sweat, but if it had 100 more we would’ve given it a perfect score.
Anthony O’Reilly, a certified personal trainer and GGR performance editor, uses Sports Research Electrolytes first thing in the morning and rates all four flavors a 5 out of 5. “These actually taste like what’s advertised on the packets,” he says. “I’m shocked there’s no salty aftertaste, considering that there’s a good amount of sodium in each serving. Some customer reviewers have complained about the stevia taste, but honestly it doesn’t bother me.”
He adds that since taking these electrolytes on a daily basis he’s felt more energized and had less brain fog in the mornings. Anthony has also used them after running in humid conditions, and says he’s noticed a quick rebound after downing them, earning them a 5 out of 5 for effects.
One downside to these electrolytes is that they’re a little pricey. Each packet is about $1.43, which earns it a 3 out of 5 on our pricing scale. Still, that’s less expensive than grabbing a drink at the convenience store.
| Dose instructions | Add 1 stick to 10-16 ounces of water and shake thoroughly before drinking |
| Form and flavor(s) | Powder (Raspberry Lemonade, Passion Fruit, Cherry Pomegranate, Lemon Lime) |
| Calories | 5 |
| Carbs per serving | 1 g |
| Sodium per serving | 400 mg sodium |
| Sugar per serving | 0 g |
| Other key ingredients | 200 mg potassium |
| Cost | $22.95/16 sticks=$1.43/packet ($1.22 if placed on subscription) |
Best Electrolyte Drink for Hangovers: Liquid I.V. Hydration Multiplier Single Serving Packets
Good for: Easy hydration for after a long night
Liquid IV Hydration Multiplier is a convenient on-the-go hydration option for active people. It’s available in a wide variety of flavors, but the added sugar and lack of magnesium and chloride may make it the wrong pick for some people.
What our tester says:
“These taste delicious and really quench your thirst—I drank these multiple times a week when I was pregnant because I never felt like I could quench my thirst with water alone.”
Liquid I.V. Hydration Multiplier Single Serving Packets make hydration on the go a breeze. The four-pack combo also contains hydration packets to support energy and sleep—specifically coming with two “Hydration Multipliers” in Lemon Lime and Passion Fruit, one “Sleep Multiplier” in Blueberry Lavender, and one “Energy Multiplier” in Lemon Ginger.
All “Multipliers” are powered by Cellular Transport Technology (CTT), which is based on the World Health Organization’s guidelines for creating Oral Rehydration Therapy6 to combat the risks and effects of dehydration. CTT is a precise and intentional blend of sodium, potassium, and glucose (the simplest type of carbohydrate) to deliver fast hydration. ACSM3 also supports that drinking a blend of electrolytes and carbs can provide benefits over water alone.
Our expert product tester and GGR head of content Nicole Davis is a Liquid I.V. fan, particularly now that she’s pregnant. “Being pregnant, I am parched at all times, and many times this is the only thing that will really quench my thirst,” says Nicole, a certified personal trainer. “I feel like I drink water constantly and am still thirsty, but I pop one of these bad boys and I’m good.”
The Hydration Multiplier provides 500 milligrams of sodium, 370 milligrams of potassium, and 11 grams of carbs, as well as vitamin C and various B vitamins. Vitamin C is important for tissue repair, while B vitamins are essential for energy and metabolic support.
And if you’re curious about the “Sleep Multiplier” and “Energy Multiplier” hydration packets, we were as well. The sleep packets contain a “proprietary Sleep Blend with Melatonin, L-Theanine, and Valerian root to help you eazzz into sleep faster.” The Energy Blend contains a proprietary blend of Coffeeberry® Energy Extract, CognatIQ™ Coffee Fruit Extract, and L-Theanine for physical energy and a cognitive boost.”
Regardless of your daily hydration needs and goals, there’s a packet to enjoy for just any time of the day. On the Liquid I.V. official website, you can also “Build Your Own Bundle” with various flavors and types—like Tart Green Apple as a kombucha powder with probiotics, Wild Berry for immune support, and Yuzu Pineapple for energy.
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No matter which you choose, rest easy knowing each packet is free of gluten, soy, dairy, GMOs, and artificial flavors. And rest even easier, and prouder, knowing your purchase funds a serving in need around the world. (Now THAT’s worth sipping to!)
Learn more in our Liquid IV review.
| Dose instructions | Add 1 stick to 12 ounces of water and shake thoroughly before drinking |
| Form and flavor(s) | Powder (Passion Fruit, Lemon Lime, Tropical Punch, Golden Cherry, Acai Berry, Guava, Strawberry, Watermelon, Concord Grape, Pina Colada) |
| Calories | 45-50 |
| Carbs per serving | 11-13 g |
| Sodium per serving | 500 mg sodium |
| Sugar per serving | 11 g |
| Other key ingredients | 370 mg potassium |
| Cost | $24.99/16 sticks=$1.56/packet |
Best Caffeinated Electrolyte Drink: Gainful Hydration
Good for: Those who need a little more pick-me-up in their electrolytes
Gainful Hydration is a customizable electrolyte supplement that you can purchase tailored to your own needs, such as increasing the amount of sodium or having a caffeinated version for an extra energy boost.
What our tester says:
“I like to take one of these packets (with caffeine!) before an outdoor run in the summer to give me a bit of energy as well as to help hydrate.”
If electrolytes aren’t enough to keep you going, we’d recommend checking out Gainful Hydration. Gainful specializes in personalized supplements, such as their protein powder, and when it comes to their electrolytes you have the choice between a caffeinated and non-caffeinated version. We personally prefer the former because you get 150 milligrams of caffeine, about the same as a cup and a half of coffee. The caffeinated versions also have L-theanine, which when combined with caffeine can boost cognitive function.
“I really like the energy boost these give me,” says our tester, GGR Head of Content Nicole Davis, who is an avid runner. “These packets are great as a pre-workout for an outdoor run in the warm weather to help stay hydrated, too.” For that reason, we’ll rate the effectiveness a 4 out of 5 (some customer reviewers said it helped their workout).
Some of you may be conflicted about adding caffeine to your electrolyte blend, since you’ve probably heard that it’s a diuretic—a substance that reduces fluids in the body. This is true, but studies indicate that only happens if you consume 6 milligrams of caffeine per kilogram of bodyweight. In other words, a 175-pound man would need to consume more than 450 milligrams before caffeine affects their fluid retention. This, of course, depends on how much caffeine you drink throughout the day.
Gainful’s formulation depends on how you customize your supplement. You can choose between A Little Sweaty and Super Sweaty. The first option gives you 300 milligrams of sodium and 150 milligrams of magnesium, and the second gives you 400 milligrams of sodium and 200 milligrams of magnesium. Either way, we’re still ranking the nutrition label a 3.5 out of 5 because it’s missing chloride, but on the bright side, it only has 2 grams of added sugar.
Nicole tried the A Little Sweaty variety in Tropical Mango and said it’s not too sweet or salty. “I find LMNT too salty, and Liquid IV can feel too sweet at times—these ones are a nice middle ground.”
| Dose instructions | Add 1 stick to 8-16 ounces of water and shake thoroughly before drinking |
| Form and flavor(s) | Powder (Tropical Mango, Strawberry Lemonade, Lemon Lime) |
| Calories | 15 |
| Carbs per serving | 2-3 g (varies by flavor) |
| Sodium per serving | A Little Sweaty: 300 mg sodium Super Sweaty: 400 mg sodium |
| Sugar per serving | 2 g |
| Other key ingredients | A Little Sweaty: 150 mg potassium Super Sweaty: 150 mg potassium |
| Cost | $30/21 packets = $1.43/packet |
Best-Tasting Electrolyte Drink: Momentous Fuel
Good for: Those who want an enjoyable electrolyte drink
Momentous Fuel is not your typical electrolyte supplement. It also contains carbohydrates, the body’s preferred energy source, to extend your training sessions on hot, sweaty days.
What our tester says:
“The Strawberry Lime flavor tastes like a Strawberry Margarita. I’ll be drinking this all summer!”
Let’s face it, many electrolyte drinks either taste like ate a spoonful or salt or sugar, which kind of makes sense since they’re often packed with those ingredients. Momentous Fuel, however, found a way to create a hydrating supplement that still delivers a knockout taste.
Jacob Penner, a Level-2 USA Weightlifting Coach and former collegiate track and field runner, tried the Strawberry Lime flavor and rated it a perfect 5 out of 5. “It tastes like a Strawberry Margarita,” he says. “I’m going to use this to make slushies in the summer.”
It also comes in Cherry Berry, which customer reviewers state is just as tasty. “Cherry can be a strong flavor but it is toned down enough that I can still easily taste the berry,” one Amazon customer wrote in their 5-star review.
While Jacob had no complaints about the taste, customer reviewers were split on whether the 27 grams of added sugar made it too sweet. Yes, that is a lot—but Momentous Fuel was not made for the average person’s hydration needs.
Each serving comes with 110 calories, all of which come from the Isomaltulose and fructose (two forms of sugar). These are meant to provide the body with energy, and the electrolytes are there for hydration. Speaking of electrolytes, the 300 milligrams of sodium is a little lower than what we like to see and it’s missing chloride, so we’re rating the formulation a 3 out of 5.
Jacob says he rates the effects a 5 out of 5 because he felt really good while training in hot conditions (he typically lifts weights in a non-air-conditioned garage gym in humid North Carolina). “I do think I may have had delayed fatigue thanks to the carbs in this,” he says.
That’s good, especially since each single-serving packet comes out to more than $2, which earns it a 1 out of 5 on pricing.
| Dose instructions | Add 1 stick to 16 ounces of water and shake thoroughly before drinking |
| Form and flavor(s) | Powder (Cherry Berry, Strawberry Lime) |
| Calories | 120 |
| Carbs per serving | 28 g |
| Sodium per serving | 300 mg sodium |
| Sugar per serving | 27 g |
| Other key ingredients | 150 mg potassium |
| Cost | 12 Packets: $2.91 ($2.33 if placed on subscription) 15 Packets: $2.53 ($2.02 if placed on subscription) |
Best Unflavored Electrolyte Drink: Promix Hydration
Good for: Those who just want electrolytes with no flavorings, and don’t mind a salty beverage
Promix Workout Hydration is an intra-workout supplement designed to refuel and rehydrate. It contains dextrose and maltodextrin for energy and Himalayan sea salt for electrolytes, though some reviewers wished there were more electrolytes in the formulation. Also, you have to spend $90 to get free shipping unless you subscribe.
If you’re simply looking to just get the benefits of electrolytes, or prefer mixing it with another supplement such as your pre-workout, then our choice is Promix Hydration.
We’ll be honest, there’s only one electrolyte in this supplement: sodium, and there’s not even that much in it. You get 220 milligrams per serving and 14 grams of added sugar, so we’re giving it a 2 out of 5 for its formulation since it’s missing potassium, chloride, and magnesium.
Does this mean you shouldn’t buy it? Not necessarily. Studies have indicated that even low to moderate intakes of sodium before exercise can help with fluid retention, reduce cramping, and help speed up post-workout recovery.
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We don’t have much else to say about this unflavored electrolyte, since we haven’t been able to get our hands on it just yet. Customer reviewers, however, indicate it’s truly tasteless and doesn’t have a salty or sweet aftertaste. Many also rave about the positive impacts it’s had on their workouts.
On the bright side, it’s pretty affordable. Each 2-scoop serving comes out to just over $1, and under a buck if you put it on a subscription.
| Dose instructions | Add 2 scoops to 16 ounces of water and mix thoroughly before drinking. Take 20 minutes before exercise. |
| Form and flavor(s) | Powder (Unflavored) |
| Calories | 90 |
| Carbs per serving | 22 g |
| Sodium per serving | 220 mg |
| Sugar per serving | 14 g |
| Other key ingredients | N/A |
| Cost | $37/36 servings = $1.03/serving ($0.92) |
Best Low-Sugar Electrolyte Drink: LMNT Recharge Variety Pack
Good for: Conscious consumers reducing sugar intake but who still want quick, flavorful hydration
LMNT is a great option for active individuals, or those on a keto/paleo diet, looking for a salty hydration supplement. Although it’s on the pricier side, the formulation is top-notch.
What our tester says:
“LMNT is the ideal rehydration solution for anyone sick of sugary drinks. While it is indeed salty (versus sweet) the flavors come through and balance the salt-like taste. It has all the electrolytes you need and nothing you don’t.”
LMNT Recharge Variety Pack provides a robust electrolyte blend without any added sugar. While anyone can enjoy it, the no-sugar-added electrolyte drink mix is promoted for those following a keto, low-carb, or paleo diet.
Garage Gym Reviews senior editor and certified personal trainer Nicole Davis appreciated the unique flavors—Chocolate Salt, anyone? However, as she noted in our LMNT review, these packets are an acquired taste. “This tastes salty, I won’t sugarcoat it,” she quips. “It’s an acquired taste. But, on my third packet, I actually started to dig it. And I also appreciate that there’s no additional sugar added to the formula.” She also called it “thirst-quenching,” and said it helped her remain hydrated during pregnancy.
Each stick provides 1,000 milligrams of sodium in the form of sodium chloride, as well as 200 milligrams of potassium and 60 milligrams of magnesium. In addition to being free of sugar, it also contains no gluten and “dodgy ingredients”—apparently, “everything you need, nothing you don’t”—and is vegan, paleo, and keto-friendly.
The variety pack comes with 12 packets, including 3 packets of Citrus Salt, Raspberry Salt, Orange Salt, and Watermelon Salt. Purchasing through their website offers free shipping on all U.S. orders and a no-questions-asked refund policy.
| Dose instructions | Mix 1 stick with 16-32 ounces of water |
| Form and flavor(s) | Powder (Citrus Salt, Raspberry Salt, Orange Salt, Watermelon Salt, Chocolate Salt, Mango Chile, Raw Unflavored) |
| Calories | 10 (Watermelon Salt has 5) |
| Carbs per serving | 0-2 g |
| Sodium per serving | 1,000 mg |
| Sugar per serving | 0 g |
| Other key ingredients | 200 mg potassium, 60 mg magnesium |
| Cost | $20.00/12 packets = $1.67/packet |
Best Electrolyte Drink for Runners: Pedialyte Sport
Good for: Quick energy and hydration to maximize exercise performance and recovery
Pedialyte Sport packets are an on-the-go solution for rehydration needs with a well-balanced electrolyte profile. The formulation does contain artificial ingredients so you’ll have to assess your own risk there.
What our tester says:
“I added a bit more water than recommended and the flavor was perfect for me.”
Pedialyte Sport electrolyte blend contains carbs and sodium, both of which can help fuel your next sweat-inducing cardio workout. The electrolyte dosages—specifically, sodium, chloride, potassium, magnesium, and phosphate—can help prevent muscle cramps while running. The added sugars not only work as a fuel source, but studies show they could aid in muscle glycogen replacement and keeping runners hydrated.
The electrolyte powder also comes in convenient, on-the-go rehydration packets that you can throw in your bag or fanny pack.
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Our expert product tester, GGR writer and certified personal trainer Lauren Strong, is no stranger to the classic Pedialyte drink for kids, so she had high hopes for Pedialyte Sport. “I think it works almost as well for hydration as regular Pedialyte at a great cost per serving,” she explains. Lemon-Lime also got a 5-out-of-5 in her book for taste, though she notes she added more water than recommended.
“With only 16 ounces it’s pretty intense and overwhelming, but with about 20 ounces it’s perfect,” Lauren says.
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According to the official website, Pedialyte Sport provides hydration benefits like the other Pedialyte options, including the original Pedialyte and Pedialyte Advanced Care. Pedialyte Sport specifically replaces electrolytes, offers prebiotics, and provides additional electrolytes for muscle support (particularly magnesium, phosphate, and potassium).
The packets come in two flavors—Lemon Lime and Fruit Punch—and provide 40 calories per serving. However, while this is based on personal needs and preferences, Pedialyte Sport contains small amounts of artificial flavors, artificial colors, and artificial sweeteners.
Need a little more oomph before your training sessions? We encourage you to check out our list of the best pre-workout.
For a more in-depth look at this potent electrolyte drink, check out our full Pedialyte Sport review.
| Dose instructions | Mix one packet (a serving) of Pedialyte Powder with 16 fl oz water only |
| Form and flavor(s) | Powder (Lemon Lime and Fruit Punch) |
| Calories | 30 |
| Carbs per serving | 9 g (per 12 fl oz serving) |
| Sodium per serving | 650 mg sodium |
| Sugar per serving | 5 g |
| Other key ingredients | 920 mg chloride, 600 mg potassium, 190 mg phosphorus, 55 mg magnesium |
| Cost | $37.90/24 packets = $1.58/packet |
Best Electrolyte Drink Tablets: Nuun Sport
Good for: Those looking for gentle hydration in a compact, dissolvable tablet
Nuun Sport tablets are a great on-the-go option for hydration. It features a well-formulated blend of electrolytes and is third-party tested.
What our tester says:
“I love taking these tablets during long bike rides or hikes—I feel like they give me an energy boost.”
Nuun Sport is available with and without caffeine, but you’ll still sip the electrolyte blend—300 milligrams of sodium, 150 milligrams of potassium, 40 milligrams of chloride, 25 milligrams of magnesium, and 13 milligrams of calcium. (Sidenote: We’d choose Nunn Sport + Caffeine as the best caffeinated electrolyte drink, hands down!)
These electrolyte tablets come in a compact, convenient tube that can be thrown in your gym bag, car, purse, hiking backpack, or really anywhere else. When you need an electrifying and energizing jolt, simply pop the tube, drop and dissolve the tablet in water, and enjoy.
However, in our Nuun Sport Electrolyte Tablets review, certified nutrition and GGR performance editor Anthony O’Reilly says he had to do a little mixing after the tablet dissolved to get the remnants off the bottom of the glass. Despite that, he loves these for long bike rides, hikes, and walks for a good boost of energy.
Choose from many flavors, including Strawberry Lemonade, Citrus Fruit, Fruit Punch, Grape, Lemon Lime, Orange, Tri-Berry, Tropical, and Watermelon.
Like all Nuun tablets, Nuun Sport is Banned Substance Tested by LGC Science and certified vegan, kosher, gluten-free, and non-GMO. Nuun also offers cost-saving options, including an 8-tube box, and free shipping on all orders over $45.
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| Dose instructions | Drop 1 tablet into 16 ounces of water, wait up to 3 minutes for the tablet to fully dissolve, then enjoy |
| Form and flavor(s) | Tablets (Strawberry Lemonade, Citrus Fruit, Fruit Punch, Grape, Lemon Lime, Orange, Tri-Berry, Tropical, and Watermelon) |
| Calories | 15 |
| Carbs per serving | 4 g |
| Sodium per serving | 300 mg sodium |
| Sugar per serving | 1 g |
| Other key ingredients | 150 mg potassium, 25 mg magnesium, 13 mg calcium |
| Cost | $24.53/40 tablets = $0.61/tablet |
Best Everyday Electrolyte Drink: Power Life Peak Replenish
Good for: Keeping energized and hydrated throughout the day
Power Life Peak Replenish is a research-backed electrolyte drink with other ingredients to help improve physical performance during exercise. Available in Citrus Burst, the drink contains essential electrolytes, as well as betaine and GivoMag, which support boosted energy, strength, power, and endurance.
What our tester says:
“I workout at night after dinner and usually have a slight headache toward the end of the day (from dehydration). After using Peak Replenish post workout, not only does it hydrate me but I no longer go to bed or wake up with headaches.”
Whether it’s for a energy boost prior to a workout or just to help get you through a midday slump, Power Life Peak Replenish is our pick for the best everyday electrolyte drink. It has a lower sodium content compared to other electrolyte drinks (75 milligrams), but it has a good amount of potassium, calcium, chloride, and magnesium, which can all be a great addition to keep you hydrated.
Peak Replenish comes in one flavor, Citrus Burst, and contains 500 milligrams of organic coconut water, which adds to its potassium content, as well as phytonutrients that can help boost your energy. Coconut water is a natural source of essential electrolytes, which is why some sports teams prefer the natural drink over sports drinks.
Along with coconut water, Power Life includes natural betaine in the form of BetaPower. Betaine has been shown to not only support hydration, but also increase strength, power, and overall athletic performance. Their is also Aquamin, a algae-based compound with an abundance of minerals that has been shown to support healthy bones and teeth (although the 2010 study that showed this was performed on mice).
Although the team has yet to try out this electrolyte drink out, many of the ingredients and electrolytes present are designed to boost energy and performance, which will help you get through your workout, or just a slow day. The cost per serving is a bit steep if you don’t purchase a subscription plan, however.
| Dose instructions | Mix 1 scoop with 8-12 oz of water |
| Form and flavor(s) | Powder (Citrus Burst) |
| Calories | N/A |
| Carbs per serving | N/A |
| Sodium per serving | 75 mg |
| Sugar per serving | N/A |
| Other key ingredients | Calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, potassium, betaine, organic coconut water |
| Cost | $59.95/30 servings=$2/serving ($1.33 with a subscription) |
Best Electrolyte Drink for Travel: Protekt Hydration
Good for: Easily portable hydration when you’re on the move
Protekt Hydration is a liquid electrolyte supplement available in three flavors. The liquid form is supposed to help your body more readily absorb the nutrients and electrolytes. Along with this, Protekt has a proprietary ratio of essential electrolytes: sodium, potassium, and magnesium.
What our tester says:
“Protekt is a base element in my fitness and lifestyle activities. I start everyday with two bottles of water mix d with both and energy packet and a hydration packet. Another hydration after workout as well as additional hydration during daily ranch work as needed.”
Travel can take a lot out of you, especially flying all day. In particular, the low humidity of flying at altitude can dehydrate you faster than being at sea level. To combat this, I recommend Protekt Hydration. With 500 milligrams of sodium and lower doses of potassium and magnesium in a proprietary 10:2:1 ratio, this is sure to give you a quick source of electrolytes after a long day of travel and sweating.
Another benefit of Protekt is that it’s in liquid form, which has been suggested to have a faster and more efficient absorption than typical electrolyte powders. Although we haven’t tried out this hydration mix yet, taking a packet after a long flight will get you hydrated faster. The liquid will also mix instantly into your water; no mixing or shaking is required.
As far as ingredients go, Protekt is very basic: water, electrolytes, and some stevia and natural flavors. This keeps this as a supplement with no filler. If you’re counting calories or watching what you eat and drink, there’s no problem with this electrolyte mix; it has zero calories, with no added sugars or artificial ingredients.
Protekt Hydration comes in three flavors: Raspberry, Lemonade, and Watermelon. You can purchase one flavor or a variety pack in different quantities—30, 90, or 180 packets. Obviously, the more you buy at once, the more you can save per serving, but the initital 30-pack without any subscription plan will cost you around $2 for each packet.
| Dose instructions | Add 1 liquid packet into 16 oz of water, no mixing required |
| Form and flavor(s) | Liquid (Raspberry, Lemonade, Watermelon) |
| Calories | 0 |
| Carbs per serving | 0 g |
| Sodium per serving | 500 mg |
| Sugar per serving | 0 g |
| Other key ingredients | Potassium, magnesium |
| Cost | $60/30 packets=$2/packet ($1.70 with subscription) |
Other Electrolyte Drinks We Researched
With hundreds of electrolyte products on the market, it’s tough to narrow down the list to just eight. While we still stand by our picks, other electrolytes we researched and approved of include:
- Ultima Replenisher: Our expert product testers liked the flavor of these, but didn’t notice any significant effects, so we left it off the list.
- Cira Glow-Getter Hydration: Our expert product testers felt like this was much too sweet for most people.
- Skratch Labs Sport Hydration Mix
- G.1.M Sport and Electrolytes from Bare Performance Nutrition
- Thorne Research Catalyte Lemon Lime Flavored
- Tailwind Nutrition Endurance Fuel
- Ultima Replenisher
- Klean ATHLETE Klean Hydration
What Are Electrolytes?
Electrolytes are minerals that, as their name implies, have an electrical charge that maintains fluid balance in the body—in other words, they make sure we stay properly hydrated. They also help regulate our nervous system and allow muscles to contract and relax. Athletes often consume electrolytes to prevent muscle cramps during competition.
The most common electrolytes are sodium, potassium, chloride, and calcium. Magnesium, phosphate, and bicarbonate are also electrolytes needed by the body, though not as much as the first four. These minerals are lost by the body through sweat, urine, and other means, and are replaced by electrolyte drinks to maintain proper hydration.
Are Electrolyte Drinks Safe?
When used properly, electrolyte drinks pose no safety risk. That said, the age-old saying that too much of a good thing remains true for electrolytes. You should only consume these drinks if you’re dehydrated — so if you’ve been out in the sun all day or doing a sweaty workout.
Excess electrolyte intake may cause kidney or liver damage because the organs can only process a certain amount of sodium, potassium, and other electrolytes.
Other Best Electrolyte Drinks and Sources
Electrolyte drinks are a convenient way to replace large amounts of lost minerals during training, but there are many common beverages and foods that contain sodium, potassium, calcium, and other electrolytes. Here’s a few drinks, sources, and foods that are high in magnesium, potassium, sodium, and other electrolytes:
- Coconut water: Coconut water is one of the best natural sources of electrolytes, although it’s primarily potassium, which isn’t lost as much in sweat from exercising. Still, it’s a great natural electrolyte which sports teams have used. Studies show it to be as effective as some commercial drinks.
- Milk: Dairy milk and plant-based milk are high in calcium. Additionally, many plant-based milks are also high in potassium, phosphorus, and magnesium.
- Juices: Juices such as pickle juice, watermelon juice, apple juice, and orange juice can be high in sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium, and/or phosphorus, although the exact levels vary depending on the juice.
- Bone broth: Bone broth can be an excellent source of sodium, and also contains potassium and magnesium.
- Sunflower seeds: This snack can be high in potassium.
- Plain yogurt: Yogurt is high in calcium, potassium, and phosphorus, with small amounts of sodium.
- Salmon: Salmon and other fatty fish are high in potassium, plus canned versions also have a good amount of sodium
- Spinach and other leafy greens: Leafy greens can be high in calcium and magnesium.
- Butternut squash: This squash contains decent amounts of potassium, calcium, and magnesium.
- Olives: Olives are high in chloride, sodium, and potassium.
How We Picked and Tested the Best Electrolyte Drinks
From testing the best fish oil supplements to the best electrolyte drinks, our team of testers has high standards. That’s why we based our top picks on the following:
- Electrolyte formulation: Because sodium is lost most in sweat, we made sure the selected products were richest in sodium. Of course, the other electrolytes—like potassium, calcium, magnesium, and chloride—are also important for hydration and performance, so the tested products also contain at least one more of these in varying dosages.
- Other ingredients added: Electrolytes are the highlight of an electrolyte drink but other ingredients can impact its effectiveness as well. For instance, research shows electrolytes combined with carbs can enhance absorption while providing the athlete with quick energy. Some products also contain additional ingredients—like taurine and branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs)—to augment exercise performance and recovery.
- Form: Sports drinks—like Gatorade and Powerade—often come premixed. However, the electrolyte products we chose come in compact powders and tablets so you can travel lightly without the worry of spills.
- Variety of flavors: Because flavor can enhance water intake and everyone has their own unique preferences, we picked products with various flavor options. From Lemon Lime to Watermelon Salt to Tropical Punch, you’re likely to find a flavor that encourages you to drink more.
- Brand trust: Is the brand reputable? Do they have easily accessible contact options, as well as a clear refund policy? In addition to evaluating the product, we analyze the brand and company behind it and select those that display high standards just as much as we do at GGR.
- Additional sweeteners: Additional sweeteners add extra calories to an electrolyte supplement and may cause digestive issues in some people. We tried to avoid these as much as possible to give you more options.
- Third-party certifications: Since dietary supplements are not approved by the FDA, having an independent third-party lab verify that what’s on the label is what’s in the electrolyte drink is super important, especially for athletes. Transparency also plays a part in this—does the company provide COAs, not use proprietary blends, and generally seem very upfront about what’s used in their electrolyte and why?
Importance of Electrolytes for Hydration
Here’s the thing: Water will always be the top hydration pick among nutrition experts. But the addition of electrolytes11 can prevent electrolyte imbalances—which are high or low electrolyte levels—that can disrupt normal bodily functions and even be life-threatening.
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Each electrolyte offers its own unique function to the body. When combined with one, two, or a few others, the electrolytes can improve hydration, athletic performance, recovery, and so much more.
Electrolytes are pretty remarkable on their own, huh? But since electrolyte drinks contain a hybrid of electrolytes, or at least sodium partnered with another, let’s see how much more electric they are when working together:
- Maintain cellular and overall health: At their core, electrolytes are minerals that help regulate chemical reactions in the body’s cells related to fluid balance, muscle contraction, heart function, and so much more. They are an important and necessary part of maintaining cellular health that impacts the entire body.
- Prevent dehydration: Water is always the drink of choice for optimal hydration but if too many electrolytes have been lost, dehydration is still possible. Adding electrolytes, particularly under certain conditions like intense exercise, can help keep the body hydrated and well-functioning.
- Improve athletic performance: Exercise induces weight loss, particularly water weight via sweat. Even losing as little as 1% to 2% of body mass can negatively impact physical performance according to this 2018 review12. This makes rehydration13 with water and salt is an important part of the post-exercise recovery process. Also, because electrolytes are essential for proper heart and muscle functions, they can improve aerobic capacity preventing muscle cramps.
- Offer hydration when sick: Fever, diarrhea, and vomiting often occur when sick and are also common causes of electrolyte imbalances. You can help restore hydration while sick with the help of electrolyte drinks, especially when appetite is low and food just isn’t appealing.
- Promote recovery: Whether after a grueling workout, injury, or surgery, it’s essential to promote an environment for recovery. High-protein foods are key, but electrolytes also play a role since they assist in blood clotting, bone health, and tissue growth and repair.
- Enhance mood and cognition: The physical effects of dehydration are well-known and the impact on mood and cognition is starting to become more recognized. A 2019 study published in Nutrients14 suggests an electrolyte-water combo can prevent increases in hostility and anxiety while benefiting attention and working memory.
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Types of Electrolytes
Truly, electrolytes are essential for basic life functioning. Sodium, potassium, and chloride are the most significant electrolytes, along with magnesium, calcium, phosphate, and bicarbonates, although all are critical for good health. Since each electrolyte has its own significance, it’s worth exploring them on their own1:
- Sodium: Helps control fluid balance (particularly the extracellular fluid, or the fluid outside of the cells) that subsequently impacts blood pressure, promotes normal nerve and muscle functions
- Potassium: Helps control fluid balance (particularly the intracellular fluid, or the fluid inside the cells), sends nerve signals, promotes muscle contraction, regulates blood pressure, supports bone health, controls heartbeats
- Calcium: Builds strong bones and teeth, promotes muscle movement, helps blood clot
- Bicarbonate*: Helps the body maintain a healthy pH, regulates heart function
- Magnesium: Promotes muscle and nerve function, maintains a healthy heart rhythm, regulates blood glucose levels
- Chloride*: Helps control fluid balance, balances electrolytes and pH levels, promotes good digestion
- Phosphorus*: Supports tissue growth and repair, strengthens teeth and bones, regulates normal function of nerves and muscles, makes up our genes
*Bicarbonate, chloride, and phosphorus are mostly added to electrolyte products as pairs with other electrolytes such as Sodium Chloride (table salt), Potassium Chloride, Sodium Bicarbonate, and Potassium Phosphate.
Dosing and Interactions
When considering an electrolyte drink, it’s important to identify what you might need to take and if it could interact with certain medications. Factoring any health conditions, like kidney disease, is also extremely important before consuming an electrolyte drink.
Electrolyte Dosages
The number of electrolytes you need mostly varies based on many factors, including age, activity level, and dietary patterns. A good starting point to identify your electrolyte needs is by understanding how much you need daily using Dietary Reference Intakes:
- Sodium: 2,300 mg/day (Upper Limit)
- Potassium: 4,700 mg/day (Adequate Intake)
- Chloride: 3,600 mg/day (Upper Limit)
- Magnesium: 3,500 mg/day (Upper Limit from supplements only)
- Calcium: 1,000 mg/day
- Phosphorus: 700 mg/day (Recommended Dietary Allowance)
These electrolytes are mostly obtained by the foods we eat and if you consume a balanced diet, your electrolyte levels are likely adequate. However, aside from eating a diet that lacks nutrient variety, there are certain instances when an electrolyte drink might be beneficial such as:
- Exercising longer than 1 hour
- Working out in the heat
- Acclimating to high altitudes15
- Experiencing major fluid losses, such as via diarrhea and vomiting
Now this begs the question, how much electrolytes should you take? Because sodium is the predominant electrolyte lost in sweat, researchers mostly focus on this mineral: According to this 2022 review16, a sports drink containing 230-690 mg/L of sodium results in optimal absorption and prevention of hyponatremia. Also, recall that the ACSM encourages consuming 500 to 700 mg of sodium if exercise lasts longer than one hour.
And then there’s this 2018 study11 that suggests there is no one universal hydration strategy, as each individual sweats at a different rate with varying losses. Individuality is not a new concept in the nutrition world, as there truly is no “one-size-fits-all” and electrolyte needs are no different.
Overall, while electrolytes are mostly considered safe for the general population, consider consulting with a registered dietitian nutritionist (RDN) or another nutrition expert before taking an electrolyte drink to help identify your unique needs.
Electrolyte Interactions
Electrolytes play pivotal roles in our health but aren’t always warranted, especially if you’re taking certain medications and/or managing a healthcare condition. This is because electrolytes can interfere with the efficacy of medications and exacerbate certain conditions, which can place tremendous concern on the body’s health and safety.
Common interaction risks mostly include diuretics and blood pressure medications, particularly as these medications help manage what electrolytes do—balance fluid and blood pressure. Certain health conditions, such as heart failure and kidney disease, can be managed by following specific dietary guidelines that often encompass fluid balance and respective electrolytes.
Again, reaching out to a dietitian can be immensely helpful for understanding your body’s needs and the potential risks of electrolyte consumption. They can also help you pick the best electrolyte drink for you, although you can get a head start using our expert tips right below.
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Buying Guide: What to Look for in Electrolyte Drinks
While we focused on variety to encompass a wide array of needs and preferences, there are specific call-outs to look for when choosing an electrolyte drink best for you. These include the amount of electrolytes and additional ingredients the formulation is composed of, as well as factoring in convenience and flavor.
Amount of Electrolytes
Because sodium is the predominant electrolyte lost in sweat, it should be the primary point of interest when looking for an electrolyte drink. You might opt for a higher sodium option (like LMNT Recharge with 1,000mg) or lower (such as Nuun Sport with 300mg), as well as a product with other electrolytes like potassium, depending on your hydration needs.
Additional Ingredients
Your training goals can further guide you to an electrolyte product right for you. For instance, some electrolyte beverages add carbohydrates in various forms—such as glucose and sugar—that can give you [just about] instant energy while training. Especially if you have any food allergies and intolerances, ensure the electrolyte is free of soy, gluten, artificial sweeteners, etc.
Convenience
What electrolyte supplement will best fit your lifestyle? Pre-mixed options, like Gatorade, are available but more compact powders and tablets are as well. Pick which one will be the most convenient one for you to consume when you need electrolytes the most.
Flavor
Absolutely, ingredients do matter, but only if you enjoy, or at least tolerate, them. Many flavors are available—like a fruity Fruit Punch or citrusy Lemon Lime—so choose one that will encourage you to hydrate!
Signs of Electrolyte Imbalance
Electrolyte imbalances occur when you have too much or too little of an electrolyte in your body. Remember, electrolytes give off a charge in your body so think of it like a phone charger. If there’s too little charge, your phone (or in this case, your body) won’t have enough battery to do what’s needed — such as exercise. If there’s too much, it could short-circuit your device.
Here are the signs of electrolyte imbalance, according to the Cleveland Clinic:
- Confusion and irritability
- Irregular bowel movements
- Fatigue
- Headaches.
- Irregular or fast heartbeat
- Muscle cramps, muscle spasms, or weakness
- Nausea and vomiting
- Numbness or tingling in limbs, fingers, and toes
Should I Take Electrolytes?
Here’s the truth: If you don’t exercise much, or aren’t very active, then there’s a good chance you don’t need an electrolyte supplement. If, on the other hand, you’re often sweating due to exercise or hot temperatures then electrolytes could help with hydration and prevent fatigue.
Best Electrolyte Drinks FAQs
What is the best drink for electrolytes?
Here are our picks for the best electrolyte drinks, as approved by certified personal trainers and registered dietitians:
Best Electrolyte Drink Overall: Transparent Labs Hydrate v3
Best Budget Electrolyte Drink: Nutricost Electrolytes Complex Powder
Best Electrolyte Drink for Athletes: Sports Research Electrolytes
Best Electrolyte Drink for Hangovers: Liquid I.V. Hydration Multiplier Single Serving Packets
Best Caffeinated Electrolyte Drink: Gainful Hydration
Best-Tasting Electrolyte Drink: Momentous Fuel
Best Unflavored Electrolyte Drink: Promix Hydration
Best Low-Sugar Electrolyte Drink: LMNT Recharge Variety Pack
Best Electrolyte Drink for Runners: Pedialyte Sport
Best Electrolyte Drink Tablets: Nuun Sport
Best Everyday Electrolyte Drink: Power Life Peak Replenish
Best Electrolyte Drink for Travel: Protekt Hydration
What is the most effective electrolyte?
The most effective electrolyte is sodium, as it’s been linked to reduced muscle fatigue and spasms, and may prolong endurance training sessions. This is why our registered dietitians recommended looking for electrolyte drinks with at least 500 mg of sodium.
What power drink has the most electrolytes?
Of all the electrolyte drinks we tested, Pedialyte Sport has the highest amount of electrolytes. It contains 920 milligrams of chloride, 650 milligrams of sodium, 600 milligrams of potassium, 190 milligrams of phosphorus, and 55 milligrams of magnesium.
What is better than Gatorade for electrolytes?
In our opinion, Transparent Labs Hydrate v3 beats Gatorade due to a better electrolyte blend that prioritizes sodium and other compounds known to boost training sessions.
References:
- Shrimanker I, Bhattarai S. Electrolytes. [Updated 2022 Jul 25]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2022 Jan-. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK541123/?report=classic
- Veniamakis E, Kaplanis G, Voulgaris P, Nikolaidis PT. Effects of Sodium Intake on Health and Performance in Endurance and Ultra-Endurance Sports. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022;19(6):3651. Published 2022 Mar 19. doi:10.3390/ijerph19063651
- American College of Sports Medicine; Sawka MN, Burke LM, Eichner ER, et al. American College of Sports Medicine position stand. Exercise and fluid replacement. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2007 Feb;39(2):377-90. doi: 10.1249/mss.0b013e31802ca597. PMID: 17277604.
- Kurtz JA, VanDusseldorp TA, Doyle JA, Otis JS. Taurine in sports and exercise. J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2021 May 26;18(1):39. doi: 10.1186/s12970-021-00438-0. PMID: 34039357; PMCID: PMC8152067.
- Zhang M, Izumi I, Kagamimori S, et al. Role of taurine supplementation to prevent exercise-induced oxidative stress in healthy young men. Amino Acids. 2004 Mar;26(2):203-7. doi: 10.1007/s00726-003-0002-3. Epub 2003 May 9. PMID: 15042451.
- Bhattacharya SK. History of development of oral rehydration therapy. Indian J Public Health. 1994 Apr-Jun;38(2):39-43. PMID: 7530695.
- O’Neal EK, Wingo JE, Richardson MT, et al. Half-marathon and full-marathon runners’ hydration practices and perceptions. J Athl Train. 2011;46(6):581-591. doi:10.4085/1062-6050-46.6.581
- Suzuki K, Shiraishi K, Yoshitani K, et al. Effect of a sports drink based on highly-branched cyclic dextrin on cytokine responses to exhaustive endurance exercise. J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 2014 Oct;54(5):622-30. PMID: 25270782.
- https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/fstr/21/3/21_499/_html
- Shimomura Y, Yamamoto Y, Bajotto G, et al. Nutraceutical effects of branched-chain amino acids on skeletal muscle. J Nutr. 2006 Feb;136(2):529S-532S. doi: 10.1093/jn/136.2.529S. PMID: 16424141.
- Shrimanker I, Bhattarai S. Electrolytes. In: StatPearls. StatPearls Publishing, Treasure Island (FL); 2022. PMID: 31082167.
- Ayotte D Jr, Corcoran MP. Individualized hydration plans improve performance outcomes for collegiate athletes engaging in in-season training. J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2018 Jun 4;15(1):27. doi: 10.1186/s12970-018-0230-2. PMID: 29866199; PMCID: PMC5987390.
- Maughan RJ, Shirreffs SM. Dehydration and rehydration in competative sport. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2010 Oct;20 Suppl 3:40-7. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0838.2010.01207.x. PMID: 21029189.
- Cousins AL, Young HA, Thomas AG, Benton D. The Effect of Hypo-Hydration on Mood and Cognition Is Influenced by Electrolyte in a Drink and Its Colour: A Randomised Trial. Nutrients. 2019;11(9):2002. Published 2019 Aug 24. doi:10.3390/nu11092002
- Khan DA, Aslam M, Khan ZU. Changes in plasma electrolytes during acclimatization at high altitude. J Pak Med Assoc. 1996 Jun;46(6):128-31. PMID: 8991369.
- Veniamakis E, Kaplanis G, Voulgaris P, Nikolaidis PT. Effects of Sodium Intake on Health and Performance in Endurance and Ultra-Endurance Sports. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022;19(6):3651. Published 2022 Mar 19. doi:10.3390/ijerph1906365
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